Essay on Internet Free Speech Issues and Implications

Internet Free Speech Issues and Implications Abstract: The issue of free speech has been around since the founding fathers first ratified the constitution of the United States. With the emergence of new technology, especially the Internet, freedom of speech has been redefined and its limits tested. What are the limitations of free speech on the Internet, and how can they be enforced? These are the constitutional questions for the digital age. Imagine being in your home, a bastion of privacy and comfort, and having someone scream racial slurs at you as you sit placidly in a comfortable chair. Unlikely, you say? Just visit the website of the Aryan Nation or the Klu Klux Klan. In this day and age when anyone can be a†¦show more content†¦Though the First Amendment protects the freedom of expression [1], not all speech is protected by law. What if material on the Internet advocates illegal conduct or issues threats of violence? What if information such as bomb-making instructions helps someone carry out a threat of violence? As stated in the preceding scenario-report, the controversial website Anarchist Fever inspired amateur anarchist Paul Berkowicz, to build a bomb (with instructions found on the internet) and blow up a federal courthouse. Obviously, he will be punished for his actions, but the issue now is what will become of the websites that helped him etch his name in infamy? What can be done about digit al conspirators who hide behind free expression? Often, there can be no direct link established between such websites and physical crimes they inspire. When deciding about these gray areas of free speech on the internet, we must consider issues such as regulation of the Internet, the extent of free speech, and established legal precedent. These are the real factors that determine whether or not content of the Internet is objectionable enough to be censored or even criminally punished. Regulation of the Internet is a volatile topic. One reason comes from the very nature of the Internet. While not entirely different fromShow MoreRelatedChallenges with Freedom of Speech1008 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of Speech and Information: Challenges with Freedom of Speech: The right to freedom of speech was adopted following the long history of suppression of ideas that were considered harmful by people. These suppressions also threatened democracy since they presented numerous difficulties for people to debate essential issues like war and peace. Consequently, a free speech movement emerged that eventually led to the protection of the right for people to express all ideas or the freedom of speechRead MoreTerrorism And The Social Media1719 Words   |  7 Pageslocalities throughout the world. The link between social media and terrorist networks and their recruiting campaigns are very much an issue affecting peace and stability today. As such, nations and law enforcement agencies globally have taken steps with the communication industry to address this issue. Unfortunately however free and open access and anonymity offered by the internet creates a scenario in which law enforcement can identify terrorist material and remove it but terror groups can rep lace it withRead More3d Printed Weapons : Unjust Censorship Of A Public Threat1508 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world of today. From toys and guitars to camera lenses and even houses, 3D printing can create just about anything. But with gun control being a prominent issue in American society and 3D printing becoming more readily available, controversy emerges. Recently, many â€Å"blueprints† for 3D printed firearms have become available for free online on websites like Defense Distributed, DrawingDatabase.com, 3Dprint.com, and many more. The idea of homemade guns strikes fear into citizens, since this abilityRead More Internet: The Newest Mass Medium Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesInternet: The Newest Mass Medium In order to analyze the Internet as a mass medium, we first have to look at the original intentions of the Internet. Originally the Internet was utilized strictly by the government and educational institutions. Its primary purposes were research and education, although it soon became a form of entertainment for a portion of the population through games, chat, and email. The idea of using the Internet for entertainment and commercial use was outrageous to theRead MoreQuestions On The Criminal Justice System880 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION 1. In this paper I am going to consider the particular challenges that the internet, and its associated ‘thundering tyde’ of information, misinformation, and comment available to anyone with access to a computer, has posed to the administration of justice. 2. The criminal justice system has traditionally sought to protect jurors from exposure to prejudicial material, and the law of contempt has played a key part in this endeavour. The law places restrictions on the publication ofRead MoreFree Speech, First Amendment Rights And Terroristic Messages Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons: it s importance in the context of this class, and the First Amendment rights of the defendants. Second, my final paper topic was â€Å"Free Speech, First Amendment Rights and Terroristic Messages†. I ve used the article in my paper and presentation, as well I ve particularly valued the case of Tarek Mehanna, 2012 while giving the examples for the Free speech rights and its protection in case of use and distribution of Terroristic Messages . Finally, This topic is up to date and is oneRead MoreCensorship Filters The Media Within The World1574 Words   |  7 PagesDoes censorship filter the media within the world? Censorship has followed the free expressions of men and women like a shadow throughout history. Censorship is a way to filter the media in the world by suppressing unacceptable viewings or hearings by not showing, bleeping out, and covering the distasteful parts. In ancient societies, China for example, censorship was considered a logical tool for regulating the political and moral life of the population. The term censor can be traced to the officeRead MoreFirst 10 Amendments of the US Constitution: Focus on Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, and the Right to Assemble548 Words   |  2 PagesFreedom of Speech, Religion, Press and the Right to Assemble Balkin, J. (2004). Digital speech and democratic culture: a theory of freedom of expression for the information society. New York University Law Review, Paper 240. In this article by Balkin, he discussed the evolution of one of the important components of the Bill of Rights of the United States (US) Constitution, which is the freedom of speech. In his discussion of freedom of speech as framed in the US Constitution, the issue of its relevanceRead MoreNotes On Net Neutrality And Neutrality1658 Words   |  7 Pages Net Neutrality SubbaReddy Alla Wilmington University â€Æ' List of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 What do we know about Net Neutrality?.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Significance of Net Neutrality and issues related to it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Little awareness on Net Neutrality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Net Neutrality today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 SOPA PIPA vs Net Neutrality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Campaigning on Net Neutrality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8Read MoreInformation Freedom: the Ethical Implications of Sopa1131 Words   |  5 PagesJames Eckert Professor Reed PHIL 2306 2 December 2011 Information Freedom: The Ethical Implications of SOPA The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) is a U.S. House of Representatives bill with the stated purpose, To promote prosperity, creativity, entrepreneurship, and innovation by combating the theft of U.S. property, and for other purposes. (1) SOPA proposes to accomplish those goals by allowing the U.S. Department of Justice and copyright owners to take action against websites thought to be

Workplace Violence Corporate And Open Concern - 817 Words

Workplace violence takes numerous structures. Corporate and open concern tends to concentrate on pictures of business related crimes, which frequently go with abusive behavior at home circumstances. Different types of workplace violence, for example, grumblings of tormenting and inappropriate behavior, are subtler, yet no less mentally damaging to laborers mental and physical wellbeing. (Mathis, John Sean, 2014). Workplace violence can happen anyplace at any time. Workers in a few commercial enterprises, for example, healthcare or retail foundations, are more probable than others to experience roughness at work. A few specialists, be that as it may, are at expanded danger. Among them are laborers who trade cash with people in general; convey travelers, merchandise, or administrations; or work alone or in little gatherings, amid late night or early morning hours, in high-wrongdoing zones, or in group settings and homes where they have broad contact with the general population. This gathering incorporates healthcare and social administration specialists. For example, going by medical caretakers, psychiatric evaluators, what s more, post-trial agents; group specialists such as gas and water utility workers, telephone and satellite TV installers, and letter transporters; retail laborers; and taxi drivers. (Stubbs, 2009). Workplace violence ranges from damaging verbal remarks to different crimes by disappointed ex-representatives, distanced life partners. Workplace violenceShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Violence1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence is present in every nook and cranny of corporate America, affecting millions of Americans every year. Workplace violence is defined by the Occupational Safety Health Administration, OSHA, as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. In 2011, there were over 2 two million reports and claims of workplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence in Corporate America Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesproposed research is an examination of workplace violence in Corporate America. As a growing concern in all industries, preventive measures need to be explored. Three types of research methods will be compared and contrasted in relation to the proposed research. The methods to be analyzed are quantitative designs, qualitative designs, and mixed methods designs. The appropriateness of each design will be examined as they relate to the topic. Workplace violence is a serious problem that deserves toRead MoreEssay Violence and Aggression in the Workplace is on the Rise861 Words   |  4 Pages In the early 1980s aggression and violence in the workplace have been a source of a lot of public discussion. (Piquero pg.383) The issues have risen again recently and have mostly been present in management and business fields. Workplace aggression often includes â€Å"behavior by an individual or individuals within or outside organizations that is intended to physically or psychologically harms a worker or workers and occurs in a work related†. (Schat Kelloway Pg. 191) A national survey ConductedRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Workplace1627 Words   |  7 Pages However, t he vast majority of individuals are oblivious to the corporate psychopaths that exist in the workplace today. In recent times, researchers have discovered a perplexing relationship between aberration and leadership. Essentially, managers who possess psychopathic characteristics create colossal problems and are septic to their work environments. Consequently, this leads to a road of destruction comprised of workplace bullying, discriminatory work decorum, and emotional distress. EvenRead MoreBullying Is Becoming A More Visual And Talked About Concern1142 Words   |  5 PagesBullying in the Workplace Workplace bullying is becoming a more visual and talked-about concern in the business world, and finding ways to deal with the problem of bullying is an issue that needs to be addressed. In a survey of European Union employees, an illness that was rooted in stress was reported in 28% of employees (Rayner et. al. 8). According to Rayner, bullying may account for much of this workplace anxiety. My co-workers and I were victims of a workplace bully. This behavior includedRead More Homeschool Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pageshome schooling movement in the United States has become the fastest growing segment of education over the past decade. While there are many reasons parents choose to home school their children, the primary reasons seem to be the rise of crime and violence and their dissatisfaction with the public school curriculum. Home schooling is the formal instruction of children in their homes instead of in a school. A highly controversial practice, home schooling was the norm in the early 19th century, whenRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace2844 Words   |  12 PagesWorkplace Violence statics across the United States of America have been on a steady rise each year since the early 1990’s. Reports have consistently shown in recent years that than an average of 500 homicides and 1.5 million assaults occur each year in America, in the workplace. With those types of statics on the rise in America it’s clear that a Workplace Violence Program is essential to the health, welfare, safety, and security of our employees in the workplace. When enacting a Workplace ViolenceRead MoreEssay about Legal Issues In Reduction Of Workforce1649 Words   |  7 Pagescomplaints could possibly happen. The first associate, Sarah Boyd, a fifty three year old with fifteen years experience may have led t o age discrimination. The manager, however, considered the way the communication should happen with Ms Boyd. The method of open communication, reassuring that she fully understood the reason for the reduction and seeing that she was fairly compensated for her time made the difference in the employees reaction to her reduction from the workforce. The second associate, BrainRead MoreEST1 310.2.3-08 Essays2136 Words   |  9 Pagesbans any employee from engaging in acts that is intimidating, threatening or violent, while at work or on Company business. This rule applies to every employee, including non-supervisory staff and management. The Company has zero tolerance for violence of any kind. In addition, the Company is committed to preventing threatening or violent behavior on its property by non-employees, such as guests, visitors, customers, or employees’ family members. Gifts and Gratuities The Company believes thatRead MoreCan Ethical Values be Incorporated Into an Organization’s Culture? 2636 Words   |  11 PagesDecisions are made every day in the workplace that may have ethical implications. It is important to conduct business in an ethical way because those decisions may have an impact on their companies, employees, shareholders, customers, and possibly on society. As organizations integrate ethical values into their corporate culture, they will have an engaged workforce that will have higher morale, higher employee retention, and higher production. â€Å"American Management Association (AMA) executive members

Analysis of Different Workplace Trainings - 893 Words

Workplace Trainings Analysis 1. Sexual harassment within the workplace training a) The training on sexual harassment within the workplace is intended to increase awareness on the issue, and to provide instructions on how to prevent such events from taking place. The importance of anti sexual harassment methods is of great importance to companies with large numbers of employees where such issues tend to be more frequent. This training is also intended to help harassed employees know what to do when confronted with such issues. b) There are certain organizations that require such programs more than others. Their need of such a program can be established based on the identification of complaints from employees regarding out of place behavior from members of the opposite sex at work. In addition to this, such a program can be addressed to workplaces where there have been observed certain behaviors from superiors that disfavored certain employees because of their refusal to accept superiors invitations. c) The sexual harassment in the workplace training program can be easily implemented in terms of costs. Basically, the program consists in hiring specialized trainers that can speak to the selected audience about what it means to be sexually harassed within the workplace, and about what they can do when confronted with such cases. The training sessions can be held at the companys headquarters, which means that the costs can be reduced. 2. Introduction to Yoga and itsShow MoreRelatedThe Organization s And Employee s Motivational Needs Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesonline services. For a company to be this successful, there had to be some intense and thorough training in areas such as: legal requirements, diversity, and employee growth. Therefore, we will look at some of the major components to their effective training plan and how it effects the organization’s and employee’s motivational needs. Legal Requirements of Training One of the most critical aspects of any training program are the legal requirements. There are three items to consider that will help minimizeRead MoreHow A Needs Assessment Is The Gaps Between Current Conditions And Desired Conditions?1618 Words   |  7 Pagesthe gaps between current conditions and desired conditions. A needs assessment is a critical part of the planning process which provides individuals with the opportunity for improvement, education, and training. In order to gather the information required to improve employees’ performance, an analysis of the work environment is a key aspect to creating better conditions. The company that is being assessed is Siemens and efforts by the company to maximize efficiency are under evaluation. The desiredRead MoreHow Workplace Can Affect Relationships At Work And At Home1748 Words   |  7 Pagesor in public. In today’s institutions, conflicts in the workplace are far-reaching and can affect relationships at work an d at home. In addition, although at times conflicts help organizations be more open and diverse, their complex nature can adversely influence operations of these enterprises. The paper examines workplace communication conflicts and analyzes an actual conflict scenario. It provides a background of the conflict, its analysis, conflict resolution recommendations, and finally explainsRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management1347 Words   |  6 Pagesoutline of the HR Functions and the various objectives that the different functions aim to achieve. Title of my Report is â€Å"HRM functions must be integrated with each other and with strategic issues if they are to make a contribution to HR outcomes or the â€Å"bottom line† for the organisation. Discuss this statement, with reference to relevant HRM structure† 1.2 Methodology Secondary Data is mostly collected to complete this report. Different Human Resource Management books are consultant in order to getRead MoreAnalysis Of Pete s Plumbing Warehouse1726 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigning the training needs of a group of twenty employees identifies; a two- day training program in proposing that outlines the total costs, the learning objectives, the methods to use, and a detailed agenda of the training session (Blanchard et al., 2013). Identify two to three (2-3) training needs though a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) and justify an approach for this training. In Pete s Plumbing Warehouse the training needs analysis an important part of a good design training program in a processRead MoreLeveraging Human Potential : Gm 500 : Management Theories And Practices1288 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze the real word diversity problems one can encounter in the corporations and initiatives employers should take in order to appreciate the diversity and leverage the human capital. I intend to learn that diversity is beyond employees being different, but extends to gender, education background, ethic, and social status. In ?True to Myself? (Daft,2014) this case study address diversity in the area of gender. I learned that racism, nor harassment is not always men to women, but it can be womanRead More Work Environment Paper1015 Words   |  5 PagesEvery workplace is unique in terms of their diversity profile therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average run of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goal setting and consistent training are all examples of tools in which organizations can effectively use to promote and execute effective communication within the workplace. So howRead MoreSga1617575 Words   |  3 Pagesthis assessment. 1. Specifically, you are asked to provide in report form an analysis of the company. The following questions will guide you in the preparation of the report. Key focus areas for this section What is the major activity of the company? Discuss five or six different human resource requirements this company would utilise – e.g. staff recruitment, training programs, workers’ compensation, workplace health and safety, discrimination, induction and counselling and write why each humanRead MoreEssay on assessment 3 NEBOSH1079 Words   |  5 Pagesspends extra time studying for an exam because they want a better grade at the end. (2) Perception is the process by which people translate sensory impressions into a coherent and unified view of the world around them. An example is how different people see different situations. (2) Attitude is the way or tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or situation. Attitude influences an individuals choice of action, and responses to challenges, incentivesRead MoreA Successful Training Plan for Landslide Limousine Company1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthis report is to communicate a successful training plan to Bradley Stonefiled for his Landslide Limousine company. The report will contain three sections in the main body: Needs Assessment, Training Methods and Evaluation Strategies. This report will contain all the necessary information to put this company on the right track and begin enjoying a competitive advantage once implemented and running at full capacity. Needs Assessment Before any training begins, it is absolutely necessary that the

Oil and Gas Industry Issues in Egypt-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Issues in the Oil and Gas Industry in Jurisdictions. Answer: Egypt comprises the non-member state in the Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC). It is the third largest producer of gas and fifth largest producer of oil in Africa[1]. Oil and gas industries have used fracking to recover gas trapped deep in the earth by drilling. Fracking is used to obtain fossil fuel reserves deep inside the earths surface. However, fracking wells can cause severe damage to the environment. Various countries have opposed and even banned such a hazardous practice. Environmentalists have reported that drills break through the underground layers of dirt, rocks, gases and water, resulting in benzene, methane and other chemicals seeping into the soil, water and atmosphere. It is a threat for countries like Egypt, where there are severe water scarcity and the sole source is Nile. Egypt is still looking to permanently ban fracking. Fracking has become a problem, when companies do not use clean, proper materials and do not dispose the wastes properly[2]. Egypt does not have the necessary resources to monitor, carry out analysis and shut down the companies that do not carry out responsible procedures. The Dana Gas Project in Kom Ombo, situated beside the Nile river is an example of one such country. The weak enforcements of regulations and the political disarray of Egypt can lead the companies to carry out procedures that can give rise to significant environmental issues. In Egypt, environmental issues are taken lightly and given low priority. Moreover, the presence of a weak legal framework also adds to the problem. However, members of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) believe that various loopholes in the regulations are their main concern[3]. Egypt is the fifth polluted country in the World and suffers from soil loss, poor water quality, waste management and air pollution. It is necessary to ensure that oil and gas companies are responsible enough and are not involved in exploiting the loopholes in the regulations. References Janusz, Barbara D. "Groundswill."Alternatives Journal41.2 (2015): 60-61. Www.eeaa.gov.eg, 'Ministry Of Environment - EEAA Home' (Eeaa.gov.eg, 2017) https://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/home.aspx accessed 6 November 2017 Www.opec.org, 'OPEC : OPEC Share Of World Crude Oil Reserves' (Opec.org, 2017) https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/330.htm accessed 6 November 2017 Www.opec.org, 'OPEC : OPEC Share Of World Crude Oil Reserves' (Opec.org, 2017) https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/330.htm accessed 6 November 2017. Janusz, Barbara D. "Groundswill."Alternatives Journal41.2 (2015): 60-61. Www.eeaa.gov.eg, 'Ministry Of Environment - EEAA Home' (Eeaa.gov.eg, 2017) https://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/home.aspx accessed 6 November 2017.